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GTL v. FCC-ICS, Securus Brief, telephone rates, 2016

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USCA Case #15-1461

Document #1616683

Filed: 06/03/2016

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INITIAL VERSION

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT
No. 15-1461, and consolidated cases
GLOBAL TEL*LINK, SECURUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.,
CENTURYLINK PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS, INC., TELMATE, LLC,
PAY TEL COMMUNICATIONS, INC.,
STATE OF OKLAHOMA, and
OKLAHOMA SHERIFFS’ ASSOCIATION,
Petitioners,
v.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Respondents.
On Petitions for Review of an Order
of the Federal Communications Commission
SEPARATE BRIEF OF PETITIONER SECURUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
PUBLIC VERSION – CONFIDENTIAL MATERIAL REMOVED
Stephanie A. Joyce
ARENT FOX LLP
1717 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006-5344
Tel. (202) 857-6081
Fax (202) 857-6395

Andrew D. Lipman
MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP
2020 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
Tel. (202) 373-6033
Fax (202) 373-6001
Andrew.Lipman@morganlewis.com

June 3, 2016

Counsel for Petitioner Securus
Technologies, Inc.

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CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS, AND RELATED CASES
Securus adopts and incorporates herein by reference the Certificate
contained in the Joint ICS Provider Brief to which it is a signatory.
CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT
Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 26.1 and D.C. Circuit
Rule 26.1, Securus states that it is wholly owned by Securus Technologies
Holdings, Inc., whose principal investor is Securus Investment Holdings, LLC
(“SIH”). SIH is indirectly controlled by ABRY Partners VII, LP (“ABRY”).
Neither SIH nor ABRY has stock that is publicly traded. No entity having publicly
traded stock owns 10 percent or more of either company. Securus, a Delaware
corporation, is a telecommunications service and technology company that
provides calling services and call management software to correctional facilities
exclusively.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
CERTIFICATE AS TO PARTIES, RULINGS, AND RELATED CASES ............. i
CORPORATE DISCLOSURE STATEMENT ......................................................... i
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ................................................................................... iii
GLOSSARY............................................................................................................. iv
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION..........................................................................1
STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES...............................................................................1
STATUTES AND REGULATIONS .........................................................................1
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT ...............................................................................1
STATEMENT OF THE CASE ..................................................................................2
STANDARD OF REVIEW .......................................................................................2
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT .................................................................................3
STATEMENT OF STANDING ................................................................................3
ARGUMENT .............................................................................................................3
I.

THE CAPS FOR AUTOMATED PAYMENT AND LIVE AGENT
TRANSACTIONS ARE BELOW CARRIERS’ COSTS ...............................3

II.

THE MAXIMUM CHARGES FOR “SINGLE-CALL” SERVICES
DO NOT PERMIT PROVIDERS TO RECOVER THEIR COSTS ...............5

CONCLUSION ..........................................................................................................6
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE

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TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
Page
CASES
City of Brookings Mun. Tel. Co. v. FCC, 822 F.2d 1153
(D.C. Cir. 1987) ............................................................................................... 2
* FPC v. Hope Nat. Gas, Co., 320 U.S. 591 (1944) ................................................. 5
OXY USA, Inc. v. FERC, 64. F.3d 679 (D.C. Cir. 1995) .......................................... 2
STATUTES AND REGULATIONS
5 U.S.C. § 706(2) ....................................................................................................... 2

Authorities principally relied upon are designated by an asterisk (*).

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GLOSSARY
Bureau

Wireline Competition Bureau

FCC or Commission

Federal Communications Commission

ICS

Inmate Calling Services

Order

WC Docket No. 12-375, Second Report and
Order and Further Notice of Proposed
Rulemaking, Rates for Interstate Inmate
Calling Services, FCC 15-136, 30 FCC Rcd
12763 (2015)

Stay Order

WC Docket No. 12-375, Order Denying Stay
Petitions, DA 16-83 (Wireline Competition
Bureau rel. Jan. 22, 2016)

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STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
Securus adopts and incorporates herein the Statement of Jurisdiction in the
Joint ICS Provider Brief to which it is a signatory.
STATEMENT OF THE ISSUES
1.

Whether the Federal Communications Commission exceeded its
authority, acted contrary to the record, or was arbitrary and capricious
in adopting unprecedented caps on the fees for processing financial
transactions such as credit card payments in the Second Inmate Rate
Order.

2.

Whether the Federal Communications Commission exceeded its
authority, acted contrary to the record, or was arbitrary and capricious
in adopting unprecedented caps on optional “Single-Call Services”
such as Text2Connect and PayNow in the Second Inmate Rate Order.
STATUTES AND REGULATIONS

Pertinent statutes and regulations have been reproduced in the Addendum to
the Joint ICS Provider Brief.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Securus adopts and incorporates herein the Statement of the Case in the Joint
ICS Provider Brief to which it is a signatory.

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STANDARD OF REVIEW
This Court will vacate an FCC order that is contrary to law, arbitrary and
capricious, unsupported by evidence, or without observance of procedure required
by law. 5 U.S.C. § 706(2).
In reviewing the caps, the Court will “inquire whether the Commission’s
interpretations are ‘amply supported both factually and legally’ and accept them
only if they are ‘the result of reasoned and principled decisionmaking that can be
ascertained from the record.’” OXY USA, Inc. v. FERC, 64 F.3d 679, 697 (D.C.
Cir. 1995) (quoting Tarpon Transmission Co. v. FERC, 860 F.2d 439, 442 (D.C.
Cir. 1988)). “Post hoc rationalizations advanced to remedy inadequacies in the
agency’s record or its explanation are bootless.” City of Brookings Mun. Tel. Co.
v. FCC, 822 F.2d 1153, 1165 (D.C. Cir. 1987).
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT
1. The Commission imposed maximum rates for automated credit/debit
card payments and live agent transactions that were considerably below Securus’s
demonstrated costs. Its stated reason for disregarding Securus’s costs as an
“outlier” is irrational, because Securus was the only party that provided any
documentation at all of its itemized costs to provide these specific services.
2. The Commission prohibited providers from adding any markup to thirdparty financial transaction fees incurred in connection with so-called “single call”
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services. Securus demonstrated that it incurred substantial start-up and operating
costs specifically to provide single-call services; the Commission’s rule arbitrarily
and irrationally prohibits Securus from recovering those costs.
STATEMENT OF STANDING
Securus adopts and incorporates herein the Statement of Standing in the
Joint ICS Provider Brief to which it is a signatory.
ARGUMENT
I.

THE CAPS FOR AUTOMATED PAYMENT AND LIVE AGENT
TRANSACTIONS ARE BELOW CARRIERS’ COSTS.
The Commission imposed a maximum Automated Payment Fee of $3.00 per

use for processing a credit card or debit card payment. Order ¶167; Rules
64.6000(a)(1), 64.6020(b)(1). For processing by a live agent, it set a maximum fee
of $5.95 per transaction. Order ¶168; Rules 64.6000(a)(3), 64.6020(b)(3).
Securus showed that its cost of processing credit card payments is considerably
higher than either of these amounts:
• Up to ** CONFIDENTIAL $

** charged by the vendors that

perform credit card processing, plus
• Bad debt chargebacks averaging ** CONFIDENTIAL $

**

per transaction, plus
• An average of ** CONFIDENTIAL $

** per transaction for

internal labor, specialized software, IT operations expense, testing/QA
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expense, Product Manager expense, network operations expense,
accounting expense, reconciliation expense, accounts payable
expense, auditor expense, reporting expense, SG&A, and overhead
attributable to transaction processing.1
The Commission dismissed Securus’s cost evidence as an “outlier” and
asserted that other providers considered the proposed rate caps to be reasonable.
Order ¶167 (JA-____.) Even assuming arguendo that Securus’ costs were above
industry averages, that would not prove the rates are sufficient to permit reasonably
efficient providers to recover their costs. But, more importantly, Securus was the
only party to submit a detailed analysis of costs incurred to process credit card
transactions, including costs of bad debt and fraudulent transactions. It is arbitrary
and capricious for an agency to reject the only data point before it as an “outlier.”
In addition to ignoring Securus’s costs, the Bureau later justified its arbitrary
caps by asserting that Securus enables credit card payments in Alabama where
“similar rate caps” are in effect. Stay Order ¶43 (JA-____). But Alabama’s ICS
regulations are not in effect—they were stayed pending appeal, as Securus
explained to the Commission. WC Docket No. 12-375, Securus Reply Comments
at 4-5 (filed Jan. 27, 2015) (JA-___.)
1

Declaration of Dennis Rose ¶3 (Jan. 9, 2015) (JA___).
4

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It is a fundamental principle that regulated rates must permit a return on
investment “sufficient to assure confidence in the financial integrity of the
enterprise, so as to maintain its credit and to attract capital.” FPC v. Hope Nat.
Gas Co., 320 U.S. 591, 603 (1944). Rate caps that are below the direct cost of
service, by definition, cannot provide any return on investment and therefore
cannot be just and reasonable.
The Commission has no meaningful explanation for its decision to ignore
Securus’s cost evidence and instead adopt rate proposals having no cost
justification. The FCC never attempts to show Securus’s itemized costs are not
bona fide costs of service, so it pretends these costs do not exist. This Court
should vacate the automated payment and live agent fee caps as arbitrary and
capricious.
II.

THE MAXIMUM CHARGES FOR “SINGLE-CALL” SERVICES DO
NOT PERMIT PROVIDERS TO RECOVER THEIR COSTS.
Rule 64.6020(b) requires carriers to charge no more than the per-minute cap

for premium billing options, which the Order and rules refer to as “single-call and
related services,” plus a pass-through without markup of third-party transaction
fees. Order ¶¶182-189; Rule 64.6000(a)(2), 64.6020(b)(2). These services are
described in the Joint ICS Provider Brief, section IV.B.
Securus offers two optional services that fall under “single-call services”.
Text2Connect enables an inmate to place a collect call to a wireless phone; it is a
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crucial innovation in ICS which was not possible a few years ago. PayNow
enables an inmate to place a call to a person with whom Securus does not have an
established billing relationship, and allows the recipient to charge the call to a
credit or debit card in real time. Both optional services rely on a third-party billing
vendor. Both services require double consent by the paying party. Securus
invested approximately ** CONFIDENTIAL $

** to develop the

software and billing arrangements necessary to offer Text2Connect and PayNow.2
Rule 64.6020(b) prevents Securus from recovering these external costs as well as
the internal operating costs that it incurs on an incremental basis. It is therefore
arbitrary and capricious for the same reasons discussed in the preceding section.
CONCLUSION
The caps for credit card transactions, 47 C.F.R. §64.6020(b)(1) and (b)(3),
and the caps for Single-Call services, id. §64.6020(b)(2), should be vacated.
Dated: June 3, 2016

Respectfully submitted,

/s/ Andrew D. Lipman
Andrew D. Lipman
MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS LLP
2020 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202) 373-6033

/s/ Stephanie A. Joyce
Stephanie A. Joyce
ARENT FOX LLP
1717 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006-5344
(202) 857-6081
Counsel for Petitioner Securus
Technologies, Inc.

2

Rose Declaration ¶¶4-6 (JA___-___).
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CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
Pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 32(a)(7)(C) and D.C.
Circuit Rule 32(a), and the Court’s April 18, 2016, briefing order, the undersigned
certifies that this brief complies with the applicable type-volume limitations. This
brief was prepared using a proportionally spaced type (Times New Roman, 14
point). Exclusive of the portions exempted by Federal Rule of Appellate
Procedure 32(a)(7)(B)(iii) and D.C. Circuit Rule 32(a)(1), this brief contains 1,119
words; together with the Joint Brief for the ICS Carrier Petitioners the total number
of words does not exceed 15,500 in compliance with the Court’s April 18 Order
(Doc. 1609084). This certificate was prepared in reliance on the word-count
function of the word-processing system (Microsoft Word 2013) used to prepare
this brief.

/s/ Stephanie A. Joyce
Stephanie A. Joyce
June 3, 2016

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CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that, on June 3, 2016, I filed the Non-Public Version of the
Separate Brief of Petitioner Securus Technologies, Inc. with the Clerk of the Court
for the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit and
served it by hand on the following persons:
Sarah Citrin
Federal Communications Commission
445 12th Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20554
Daniel Edward Haar
United States Department of Justice
Antitrust Division, Appellate Section
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20530-0001
I also certify that on this day I filed the Public Version of this document via ECF
and all parties were served via ECF and via First Class Mail.
/s/ Stephanie A. Joyce
Stephanie A. Joyce