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Prison Legal News: April, 2022

Issue PDF
Volume 33, Number 4

In this issue:

  1. Deaths and Violence Mount at Overcrowded Alabama Prisons While Parole Rate Hits New Low (p 1)
  2. Alabama Plan to Relieve Prison Overcrowding: Tap COVID-19 Funds to Build “Mega-Prisons” (p 9)
  3. From the Editor (p 10)
  4. Fourth Circuit Refuses to Reinstate Suit by NC Jail Detainee Alleging Denial of Access to Grievance System and Timely Medical Care Prisoner Didn’t Ask the Court to Extend Kingsley Protections (p 10)
  5. Death by Incarceration: Study Reveals High Death Rates Inside NY’s State Prisons (p 12)
  6. John Boston, The PLRA Handbook: Law and Practice Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act (p 14)
  7. Centurion Health Supplants Corizon in Missouri After Court Ruling (p 14)
  8. Extreme Sentences for Women in the U.S.: An Overview (p 16)
  9. Frozen in Place: How Winter Storms Push Texas Jails and Prisons to the Brink (p 18)
  10. Texas Rangers Often Lackadaisical in Prisoner Death Investigations (p 22)
  11. Federal Judge in Louisiana Issues Sweeping Opinion Finding Numerous Eighth Amendment, ADA and RA Violations at Angola (p 26)
  12. ICE Settles Florida Detention Facility COVID-19 Class Action, All Detainees Offered Vaccination (p 28)
  13. Massachusetts Appellate Court Reinstates Prisoner’s Lawsuit Over Food Substitution (p 29)
  14. $14.3 Million in Costs, Attorney Fees and Interest Awarded Against GEO Group in Suits for Not Paying Minimum Wage to Immigrant Detainee Workers in Washington (p 30)
  15. Prison Telecom Giant GTL Agrees to $67 Million Settlement in Class-Action Over Inactive Account Seizure Policy (p 32)
  16. After Two Detainee Deaths, CoreCivic Hit With $2,500 Daily Fine for Chronically Short-Staffed Florida Jail (p 34)
  17. Eighth Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Private Companies Providing Missouri Prisoner’s Health Care (p 34)
  18. $1.65 Million Settlement Reached in Connecticut Prisoner’s Death from Untreated Lupus (p 36)
  19. CFPB Report: ‘Criminal Justice Financial Ecosystem Exploits Families at Every Stage’: Finds ‘Products and Services Rife with Burdensome Fees and Lack of Choice’ (p 38)
  20. $325,000 to Detainee Assaulted at East Texas Jail, 90 Days to Former Deputy Who Beat Him While Restrained in Wheelchair (p 40)
  21. No Charges So Far Against Former Arizona Corrections Director After Boozy Standoff with Police (p 42)
  22. $1.1 Million Colorado Initiative Set to Assist Prisoners With More Employment Opportunities Upon Release (p 42)
  23. With $2.95 Million Settlement, San Diego County Jail Racks Up Over $15 Million in Wrongful Death Payments (p 44)
  24. $1.5 Million Awarded for Failure to Protect Rikers Jail Prisoner Who Was Attacked Repeatedly (p 46)
  25. California Supreme Court Reclassifies Clemency Records, No Longer Confidential (p 47)
  26. Private Prison Firm Revenues Soar on “Tailwind” of Immigrant Detainees (p 48)
  27. Vermont Hep-C Settlement Agreement Provides Direct-Acting Antivirals to Infected Prisoners (p 48)
  28. $170,000 Damages and Fees As New Jersey Prisons Settle Transgender Lawsuit With New Policy (p 50)
  29. Ninth Circuit Overturns California Law Banning Private Prisons (p 50)
  30. $170,000 in Attorney’s Fees, Solitary Confinement Reforms Achieved in Settlement of Maine Prisoner’s Lawsuits (p 52)
  31. Medical Paroles Revoked in California and Massachusetts (p 52)
  32. $325,000 Paid by Colorado County to Jail Detainee Brutalized by Guards Equipped with Controversial Training (p 53)
  33. Third Circuit Says Mixed Dismissal of Civil Rights Action Not a Strike Under PLRA (p 54)
  34. Federal Court Sanctions Wexford for Discovery Abuse in Illinois Prisoner’s Suit (p 54)
  35. Tenth Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Colorado Prison Officials Who Shut Down Native American Religious Activities (p 55)
  36. $199,000 Awarded to California Detainee Assaulted by Santa Clara County Jail Guard (p 56)
  37. Advocating for Objective Standards in a Post-Kingsley World (p 56)
  38. Ninth Circuit: California Jail Prisoners Have No Constitutional Right Per Se to Outdoor Recreation and Direct Sunlight (p 58)
  39. $781 Settlement Paid to Oregon Prisoner Over Censorship of ‘Sexually Explicit’ Text Message (p 58)
  40. $100,000 Paid by Pennsylvania DOC to Family of Pro Se Prisoner Litigant Who Committed Suicide (p 60)
  41. Settlement Relieves Death Row Isolation in Louisiana: Four Hours Daily Out of Cell, Five Hours Per Week in New Yard (p 60)
  42. $1 Million Settlement in Inadequate Nutrition Class-Action Against New York Jail (p 62)
  43. News In Brief (p 62)

Deaths and Violence Mount at Overcrowded Alabama Prisons While Parole Rate Hits New Low

by Kevin Bliss and Jo Ellen Nott

On February 5, 2022, the federal Department of Justice (DOJ) announced a nine-year sentence had been handed down to the last of four Alabama prison guards convicted of beating state prisoners they suspected of smuggling contraband at Elmore Correctional Facility (ECF).

Three days ...

Alabama Plan to Relieve Prison Overcrowding: Tap COVID-19 Funds to Build “Mega-Prisons”

by Jo Ellen Nott

When Alabama Governor Kay Ivey (R) signed legislation in October 2021 to take $400 million of the state’s pandemic relief funds from the American Rescue Plan to build a trio of massive prisons, it was an attempt to assuage federal officials who have been investigating the ...

From the Editor

by Paul Wright

This month’s cover story is part of our ongoing coverage from the killing fields of Southern prisons, where Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Florida are vying for the title of deadliest prison system in America. The political and moral bankruptcy of the legislative and executive branches in ...

Fourth Circuit Refuses to Reinstate Suit by NC Jail Detainee Alleging Denial of Access to Grievance System and Timely Medical Care Prisoner Didn’t Ask the Court to Extend Kingsley Protections

by Keith Sanders

The U.S. Supreme Court lowered the bar for a pre-trial detainee to sustain a civil rights claim over an alleged use of excessive force in Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389 (2015), saying it is necessary to show only that the alleged injury was objectively unreasonable, ...

Death by Incarceration: Study Reveals High Death Rates Inside NY’s State Prisons

by Keith Sanders 

In 1972, when the U.S. Supreme Court outlawed capital punishment, New York state had been executing people since 1608. The total number of individuals put to death by the state in that period is staggering: 1,130. Yet as appallingly high as that number may be, more people ...

John Boston, The PLRA Handbook: Law and Practice Under the Prison Litigation Reform Act

Reviewed by Michael B. Mushlin, Professor of Law, Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University

The PLRA Handbook is an essential indispensable resource for anyone who is planning to file a prisoners’ rights case in federal court. The subject of the book, the Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”), now ...

Centurion Health Supplants Corizon in Missouri After Court Ruling

by Keith Sanders

After a trial on November 3, 2021, a Missouri court ruled in favor of the state Department of Corrections (DOC) in a challenge to its decision replacing its private healthcare contractor Corizon with a competitor, Centurion Health.

At stake was a $1.4 billion seven-year contract to provide ...

Extreme Sentences for Women in the U.S.: An Overview

by Ashleigh Dye

On January 14, 2022, Texas 138th District Court Judge Gabriela Garcia set an execution date for Melissa Lucio: April 27, 2022. That is when the 53-year-old will face death for her 2008 conviction of murdering her two-year-old daughter, a charge she still denies. It will also be ...

Frozen in Place: How Winter Storms Push Texas Jails and Prisons to the Brink

by Tyler Hicks

When Jerome Van Zandt was booked into Harris County Jail in November 2020, he was optimistic. “There’s no way I’ll be here more than three months,” he told himself. A Navy veteran with 20 years of service, he had been caught with less than a gram of ...

Texas Rangers Often Lackadaisical in Prisoner Death Investigations

by Matt Clarke

“The Texas Rangers are investigating.”

The words bring all the swagger of the Lonestar State’s frontier-justice history to reports of crime, lending a wild-west ring to them even today, when the state has 29 million residents, 85% of whom live in urban areas. But just how serious ...

Federal Judge in Louisiana Issues Sweeping Opinion Finding Numerous Eighth Amendment, ADA and RA Violations at Angola

by Derek Gilna

Louisiana State Prison (LSP) in Angola, Louisiana, was found “deliberately indifferent” to the Eighth Amendment rights of its nearly 6,400 prisoners to receive competent medical care, according to an opinion issued by a federal district court judge, which she refused to reconsider in a ruling handed down ...

ICE Settles Florida Detention Facility COVID-19 Class Action, All Detainees Offered Vaccination

by Mark Wilson

On December 22, 2021, a Florida federal court approved the settlement of a class-action lawsuit challenging conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic in three U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) detention facilities in Florida. Under the terms of the agreement, vaccinations will be offered to all detainees at ...

Massachusetts Appellate Court Reinstates Prisoner’s Lawsuit Over Food Substitution

by Matt Clarke

On September 20, 2021, the Appeals Court of Massachusetts reversed a lower court’s decision to dismiss a lawsuit brought by a prisoner challenging frequent food substitutions at Massachusetts Correctional Institute in Norfolk, as well as the lack of a food substitution policy in the Massachusetts prison system. ...

$14.3 Million in Costs, Attorney Fees and Interest Awarded Against GEO Group in Suits for Not Paying Minimum Wage to Immigrant Detainee Workers in Washington

Brings total the firm is ordered to pay to $37.6 million

by Matt Clarke

On December 14, 2021, a Washington federal court issued additional orders in lawsuits against Florida-based private prison operator GEO Group for failing to pay immigration detainees the state-mandated minimum wage, adding over $14.3 million to the ...

Prison Telecom Giant GTL Agrees to $67 Million Settlement in Class-Action Over Inactive Account Seizure Policy

by Anthony W. Accurso

Prison phone services provider Global*Tel Link (GTL) agreed to a settle a long-running class-action on December 20, 2021, with changes to company policies and up to $67 million to compensate customers for seizing funds in any account that remained inactive for 90 days. Though the amount ...

After Two Detainee Deaths, CoreCivic Hit With $2,500 Daily Fine for Chronically Short-Staffed Florida Jail

On February 15, 2022, an on-going staffing crisis at Florida’s Citrus County Detention Facility (CCDF) prompted county officials to start fining its privately contracted operator, Tennessee-based CoreCivic, $2,500 a day for running the prison short-staffed. Three days later, on February 18, 2022, County Administrator Randy Oliver informed county commissioners that ...

Eighth Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Private Companies Providing Missouri Prisoner’s Health Care

by Matt Clarke

On August 24, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit held that private companies providing health care for prisoners are not entitled to assert qualified immunity or appeal its denial.

The underlying case was filed in U.S. District Court for the Western District of ...

$1.65 Million Settlement Reached in Connecticut Prisoner’s Death from Untreated Lupus

by David M. Reutter

On July 7, 2021, the Connecticut Department of Corrections (DOC) paid $1.65 million to settle a lawsuit alleging medical personnel failed to diagnose and treat a 19-year-old state prisoner who died of lupus.

The settlement resolves a lawsuit brought by the estate of Karon Nealy, Jr. ...

CFPB Report: ‘Criminal Justice Financial Ecosystem Exploits Families at Every Stage’: Finds ‘Products and Services Rife with Burdensome Fees and Lack of Choice’

by Chuck Sharman

A report released on January 31, 2022, by the U.S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) shows the financial burden that falls disproportionately on poor families as a result of interaction with the private companies in the criminal justice system.

CFPB was created in the wake of the ...

$325,000 to Detainee Assaulted at East Texas Jail, 90 Days to Former Deputy Who Beat Him While Restrained in Wheelchair

by Jo Ellen Nott

On February 24, 2022, a former sheriff’s deputy in Harrison County, Texas, was sentenced for savagely beating a restrained detainee at the county jail, an assault which had already cost the County a $325,000 settlement the year before. For pleading guilty to “official oppression” in the ...

No Charges So Far Against Former Arizona Corrections Director After Boozy Standoff with Police

by Jo Ellen Nott

Before an armed standoff with Tempe police on January 6, 2022, former Arizona prisons chief Charles Ryan had been home drinking tequila. A lot of tequila. “Half a large bottle,” according to his wife. Then she heard a gunshot and found Ryan in the bathroom, bloodied ...

$1.1 Million Colorado Initiative Set to Assist Prisoners With More Employment Opportunities Upon Release

by Keith Sanders

Individuals leaving prison often face obstacles securing basic necessities like employment, housing, and health care. This can make reintegration into society exceedingly difficult. The restrictions and limited opportunities that ex-prisoners face often contribute to higher recidivism rates, especially the inability to find gainful employment. 

Now Colorado will ...

With $2.95 Million Settlement, San Diego County Jail Racks Up Over $15 Million in Wrongful Death Payments

by Jacob Barrett

On October 6, 2021, San Diego County agreed to a $2,950,000 settlement in a wrongful death suit filed by the wife of Heron Moriarty, a mentally ill detainee at the county jail who suffocated himself there in 2016. Not only was he one of more than 200 ...

$1.5 Million Awarded for Failure to Protect Rikers Jail Prisoner Who Was Attacked Repeatedly

by Kevin W. Bliss

On June 2, 2021, a federal jury in New York City ruled in favor of a prisoner at the city’s notorious Rikers Island jail complex, deciding the city and the jail’s warden were liable for injuries he suffered there in a 2009 gang attack and awarding ...

California Supreme Court Reclassifies Clemency Records, No Longer Confidential

by Keith Sanders

On May 26, 2021, the Supreme Court of California filed en banc a new administrative order changing the Court’s published Internal Operating Practices and Procedures regarding the confidentiality of clemency records. The Court had previously treated such records as confidential. Now clemency records that are forwarded to ...

Private Prison Firm Revenues Soar on “Tailwind” of Immigrant Detainees

by Chuck Sharman

In a filing with the federal Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on January 5, 2022, Florida-based GEO Group—the nation’s largest private prison operator—laid bare its strategy to keep federal dollars flowing into the company’s coffers, despite a Presidential Executive Order that bars the U.S. Department of Justice ...

Vermont Hep-C Settlement Agreement Provides Direct-Acting Antivirals to Infected Prisoners

by David M. Reutter

A settlement agreement setting out guidelines for care that the Vermont Department of Corrections (DOC) will provide to prisoners with Hepatitis-C was finalized on May 14, 2021, calling for enhanced screening of incoming prisoners and altering policies and procedures governing who can receive Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) ...

$170,000 Damages and Fees As New Jersey Prisons Settle Transgender Lawsuit With New Policy

by Jayson Hawkins

As of June 29, 2021, the New Jersey Department of Corrections (DOC) has changed its policy of housing prisoners according to their gender assignment at birth, regardless of whether they are transgendered or of any non-binary sexual orientation. The policy change is part of an agreement settling ...

Ninth Circuit Overturns California Law Banning Private Prisons

by Kevin Bliss

On October 5, 2021, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit struck down a California statute, Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), barring private companies from entering new contracts with any government—including the federal government—to operate jails, prisons, or detention centers in ...

$170,000 in Attorney’s Fees, Solitary Confinement Reforms Achieved in Settlement of Maine Prisoner’s Lawsuits

by Matt Clarke

In July 2021, the Maine Department of Corrections (DOC) settled state and federal lawsuits brought by a prisoner kept in solitary confinement for 22 months without seeing any evidence of a disciplinary violation. DOC agreed to reform its solitary confinement policies, including a 30-day cap on stays ...

Medical Paroles Revoked in California and Massachusetts

by Matt Clarke

Medical parole has always been rare, but new policies in California and Massachusetts are causing medical parolees to be reincarcerated and further limiting those eligible for medical parole.

California has approved 210 medical paroles since 2014, far more than most other states. But its new policy announced ...

$325,000 Paid by Colorado County to Jail Detainee Brutalized by Guards Equipped with Controversial Training

by Chuck Sharman

On October 28, 2021, a Colorado man dismissed his suit against Weld County after agreeing to accept a $325,000 settlement for injuries allegedly inflicted on him by guards at the county jail, where he was held as a pre-trial detainee. The settlement also includes an agreement by ...

Third Circuit Says Mixed Dismissal of Civil Rights Action Not a Strike Under PLRA

by David M. Reutter

In a ruling on September 27, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held that a “mixed dismissal” of a Pennsylvania prisoner’s civil rights action does not count as a strike under the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1996 that would prevent him ...

Federal Court Sanctions Wexford for Discovery Abuse in Illinois Prisoner’s Suit

by Matt Clarke

On June 3, 2021, a federal court in Illinois granted a state prisoner’s motion for sanctions against Wexford Health Sources for responding to a specific discovery request by providing 272,000 pages of documents it had converted into a nearly useless format.

With the assistance of Oakbrook attorney ...

Tenth Circuit Denies Qualified Immunity to Colorado Prison Officials Who Shut Down Native American Religious Activities

by Jayson Hawkins

On July 21, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit affirmed the ruling of a lower court in Colorado that denied a motion by state prison officials to dismiss a prisoner’s civil rights claim on the grounds that they enjoyed qualified immunity (QI).

Officials ...

$199,000 Awarded to California Detainee Assaulted by Santa Clara County Jail Guard

by Matt Clarke

On July 13, 2021, the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California awarded a former Santa Clara County pretrial detainee $11,000 in damages for injuries received when he was assaulted by a guard at the county jail. The Court then charged the defendant another $188,340.08 ...

Advocating for Objective Standards in a Post-Kingsley World

by Megha Ram, Roderick & Solange MacArthur Justice Center

A fight over the correct standard for jail conditions cases is playing out in courts across the country. This is an important fight with far-reaching consequences for the constitutional rights of pretrial detainees.

It stems from the Supreme Court’s decision in ...

Ninth Circuit: California Jail Prisoners Have No Constitutional Right Per Se to Outdoor Recreation and Direct Sunlight

by Matt Clarke

On August 26, 2021, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld a district court’s decision not to expand a preliminary injunction issued on behalf of California jail detainees to include a requirement of access to outdoor recreation and direct sunlight for convicted prisoners.

The ...

$781 Settlement Paid to Oregon Prisoner Over Censorship of ‘Sexually Explicit’ Text Message

On July 21, 2021, the Oregon Department of Corrections (DOC) settled a suit filed by a state prisoner whose private text message to his intimate partner was flagged for violating prison policy because it contained the word ‘cum.’

After the prisoner, Liam O’Neil-Barrett, sent the message from Oregon State Correctional ...

$100,000 Paid by Pennsylvania DOC to Family of Pro Se Prisoner Litigant Who Committed Suicide

by Kevin Bliss

A Pennsylvania prisoner’s long and contentious history with the state Department of Corrections (DOC) came to a bitter end on September 29, 2021, with an agreement by the state to pay $100,000 to his brother after the prisoner hanged himself.

The prisoner, Joel Snider, 44, was found ...

Settlement Relieves Death Row Isolation in Louisiana: Four Hours Daily Out of Cell, Five Hours Per Week in New Yard

by Jayson Hawkins

In recent years, courts have begun to recognize that extended periods of solitary confinement are detrimental to the physical and mental health of prisoners. While some prisoners are placed in segregation for disciplinary reasons, those sentenced to death are often housed in solitary for decades while awaiting ...

$1 Million Settlement in Inadequate Nutrition Class-Action Against New York Jail

by David M. Reutter

On June 2, 2021, a federal district court in New York approved an agreement by Montgomery County to pay $1 million to resolve a federal class-action lawsuit alleging it provided inadequate nutrition to people held at its jail. The agreement includes an additional $317,083.22 in fees ...

News In Brief

Arizona: After two escaped prisoners were recaptured and returned to the Arizona State Prison in Florence on January 31, 2021, Phoenix station KNXV reported that at least part of the blame for their escape was assigned to short-staffing of guards at the state Department of Corrections (DOC). Carlos Garcia, ...